Lesson 4

🚂 Confederation and a growing country

1867, the railway, and the provinces that joined later.

简体中文 繁體中文 हिन्दी

Confederation, 1867

Confederation means the joining of provinces to make a new country. The Fathers of Confederation worked together to create the Dominion of Canada, and the British North America Act came into effect on July 1, 1867. The first four provinces were Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; the old Province of Canada was split into Ontario and Quebec. Sir Leonard Tilley suggested the term 'Dominion of Canada'. Sir John A. Macdonald became the first Prime Minister, and Sir George-Étienne Cartier led Quebec into Confederation.

Remember

Expanding west

In 1869–70 Louis Riel led an armed uprising and seized Fort Garry; he is considered the father of Manitoba, which joined Canada in 1870. British Columbia joined in 1871 on the promise of a railway to the Pacific. The Canadian Pacific Railway, finished in 1885, symbolized unity from sea to sea. Chinese railway workers played an important part in building it, yet Chinese immigrants were then charged a race-based entry fee, the head tax. The North West Mounted Police, forerunners of the RCMP, kept order in the West; Sir Sam Steele was one of its frontier heroes.

Remember

Completing the map

Prince Edward Island joined in 1873, and Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905. Newfoundland and Labrador was the last province to join, in 1949. In the North, Nunavut, meaning 'our land' in Inuktitut, became Canada's newest territory on April 1, 1999. Today Canada has ten provinces and three territories.

Remember

Practice questions

Who was the first Prime Minister of Canada?

  1. Pierre Trudeau
  2. Sir John A. Macdonald
  3. Alexander Mackenzie
  4. Wilfrid Laurier

Answer: Sir John A. Macdonald. Sir John A. Macdonald was the first Prime Minister following Confederation in 1867.

In what year was Confederation?

  1. 1812
  2. 1867
  3. 1982
  4. 1905

Answer: 1867. The Dominion of Canada was officially born on July 1, 1867.

What does the word "Nunavut" mean?

  1. "our land" in Inuktitut
  2. "the people" in Inuktitut
  3. "northern land" in English
  4. "new found land" in French

Answer: "our land" in Inuktitut. Nunavut means "our land" in Inuktitut.

On what date did Nunavut become a territory?

  1. July 1st, 1867
  2. April 1st, 1999
  3. June 24th, 1995
  4. March 31st, 1949

Answer: April 1st, 1999. Nunavut was established in 1999.

What did the Canadian Pacific Railway symbolize?

  1. Easy access to the West Coast.
  2. What can be achieved by working together.
  3. Unity.
  4. Ribbons of steel.

Answer: Unity. The Canadian Pacific Railway was completed in 1885 and served as a powerful symbol of unity.

What did the Fathers of Confederation do?

  1. They worked together to establish a new country, the Dominion of Canada.
  2. They were explorers who formed an expedition to survey Northern Canada.
  3. They formed a republic state in Canada.
  4. They were a group of politicians that tried to unite Canada to the United States.

Answer: They worked together to establish a new country, the Dominion of Canada. From 1864 to 1867, representatives from various colonies worked together to establish a new country, the Dominion of Canada, and are known as the Fathers of Confederation.

Practise in the app

Or study in your browser →

Independent study app. Not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operated by the Government of Canada or Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, and it does not provide any official government service. Always confirm details with the official sources.